The Pashto alphabet has several letters which do not appear in any other Arabic script. For example, the letters representing the retroflex consonants. UREzJxVciXOtKltzNpMZmAtJJZAiLtTBtVNGYSyZ-5y27XEMa8d2QWt8GxayrbC7Q' alt='English To Pashto Dictionary Pdf' title='English To Pashto Dictionary Pdf' /Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Pashto English Dictionary. It is authorized, updated by Pashto language specialist with most updated words. The project is funded by a University of Arizona Libraries grant. Transliterate words from Pashto to English or English to Pashto. English pashto dictionary Download english pashto dictionary or read online here in PDF or EPUB. Please click button to get english pashto dictionary book now. Qamosona.com provides over 50 free Online Pashto Dictionaries and Glossaries in combination with many other langauges. Pashto to english dictionery in pdf free for Afghans.
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Pashto Wikipedia. PashtoPaxtPronunciationpto, pxtoNative to. English To Pashto Dictionary Pdf' />Welcome to the Englishlanguage Wiktionary, a collaborative project to produce a freecontent multilingual dictionary. It aims to describe all words of all. The dictionaryglossary file developed on this site many years ago was an attempt in providing help to students of Sanskrit when such information was unavailable online. Hyphenation dictionary Noun. A reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered. Pashto p t o, rarely p t o, Pashto Paxt pto, sometimes spelled Pushtu or Pushto, is the SouthCentral. PashtoEnglish Dictionary Online Translation, Language of Afghanistan. The Pashto alphabet has several letters which do not appear in any other Arabic script. For example, the letters representing the retroflex consonants ,. UREzJxVciXOtKl_tzNpMZmAtJJZAiLtTBtVNGYSyZ-5y27XEMa8d2QWt8GxayrbC7Q' alt='English To Pashto Dictionary Pdf' />Afghanistan and Pakistan. Ethnicity. Pashtuns1Native speakers. Standard forms. Dialects2. Official status. Official language in Afghanistan5Recognised minoritylanguage in. Regulated by. Academy of Sciences of Afghanistancitation neededPashto Academy,Pakistan7Language codes. ISO 6. 39 1ps Pashto, Pushto. ISO 6. 39 2pus Pushto, Pashto. ISO 6. 39 3pus inclusive code Pashto, Pushto. Individual codes pst Central Pashtopbu Northern Pashtopbt Southern Pashtowne Wanetsi. Glottologpash. 12. Pashto8Linguasphere. ABD a. Areas where Pashto is a mother tongue. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help IPA. Pashto ,91. 01. Note 1 Pashto Paxtpto, sometimes spelled Pushtu or Pushto,Note 2 is the South Central Asian language of the Pashtuns. It is known in Persian literature as Afghni 1. Urdu and Hindi literature as Pahn. Speakers of the language are called Pashtuns or Pukhtuns and sometimes Afghans or Pathans. It is an Eastern Iranian language, belonging to the Indo European family. Pashto is the first officiallanguage of Afghanistan,51. Afghan national anthem should be in Pashto. Pashto is also the second largest regional language of Pakistan, mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country. Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas FATA are almost 1. Pashto speaking, while it is the majority language of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto speakers is estimated to be 4. Pashto belongs to the Northeastern Iranian group of the Indo Iranian branch,2. Ethnologue lists it as Southeastern Iranian. Pashto has two main dialect groups, soft and hard, the latter known as Pakhto. Geographic distributioneditAs a national language of Afghanistan,2. Pashto is primarily spoken in the east, south, and southwest, but also in some northern and western parts of the country. The exact numbers of speakers are unavailable, but different estimates show that Pashto is the mother tongue of 8. Afghanistan. In Pakistan, around 2. Pashto, according to the 2. Pakistans population at the time. Most of these people are in the northwestern areas of the country, including the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, northern Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There are also many Pashtun speakers in the major cities of Pakistan. Other communities of Pashto speakers are found in Tajikistan,3. Pashtun diaspora. There are also Hindu and Muslim communities of part Pashtun descent in India, including Bollywood families and Indian Film Cinema such as Khans and Kapoors. They are integrated into Indian languages, hold mixed races, ethnicities, religions and culture and do not hold cultural reverence to the ethnicity or their origins. Corel Paint Shop Pro X5 Italiano on this page. Though Pashtuns are Iranian origin, the intermixing of foreign armies, races, and south asian royalty has made it difficult to determine their true origins. There is a significant difference in Pashtuns from Afghanistan, Pakistan and other mixed diaspora depending on who they came in contact with, and by status and privilege. In addition, sizable Pashto speaking communities also exist in the Middle East, especially in the United Arab Emirates,3. Saudi Arabia, northeastern Iran primarily in South Khorasan Province to the east of Qaen, near the Afghan border. The Pashtun diaspora speaks Pashto in countries like the United States, United Kingdom,3. Thailand, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Qatar, Australia, Japan, Russia, New Zealand, etc. AfghanistaneditPashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, along with Dari. Since the early 1. Afghanistan were ethnic Pashtuns except for Habibullh Kalakni in 1. Persian, the literary language of the royal court,3. Pashto was spoken by the Pashtun tribes as their native tongue. King Amanullah Khan began promoting Pashto during his reign as a marker of ethnic identity and a symbol of official nationalism3. Afghanistan to independence after the defeat of the British Empire in the Third Anglo Afghan War in 1. In the 1. 93. 0s, a movement began to take hold to promote Pashto as a language of government, administration and art with the establishment of a Pashto Society Pashto Anjuman in 1. Kabul University in 1. Pashto Academy Pashto Tolana in 1. Although officially strengthening the use of Pashto, the Afghan elite regarded Persian as a sophisticated language and a symbol of cultured upbringing. King Zahir Shah thus followed suit after his father Nadir Khan had decreed in 1. Persian and Pashto were to be studied and utilized by officials. In 1. 93. 6, Pashto was formally granted the status of an official language4. Zahir Shah despite the fact that the ethnically Pashtun royal family and bureaucrats mostly spoke Persian. Thus Pashto became a national language, a symbol for Pashtun nationalism. The status of official language was reaffirmed in 1. Afghan Persian was officially renamed to Dari. The lyrics of the national anthem of Afghanistan are in Pashto. PakistaneditIn Pakistan, Pashto is spoken as a first language by about 2. Pakistans 1. 70 million population. It is the main language of the Pashtun majority regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas1 and northern Balochistan. It is also spoken in parts of Mianwali and Attock districts of the Punjab province and in Islamabad, as well as by Pashtuns who live in different cities throughout the country. Modern Pashto speaking communities are found in the cities of Karachi and Hyderabad in Sindh. Urdu and English are the two official languages of Pakistan. Pashto has no official status at the federal level. On a provincial level, Pashto is the regional language of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and northern Balochistan. The primary medium of education in government schools in Pakistan is Urdu,5. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has placed more emphasis on English as the medium of instruction. English medium private schools in Pashto speaking areas, however, generally do not use Pashto. The imposition of Urdu as the primary medium of education in public schools has caused a systematic degradation and decline of many of Pakistans native languages including Pashto. This has caused growing resentment amongst Pashtuns, who also complain that Pashto is often neglected officially. HistoryeditAccording to 1. James Darmesteter and modern linguist Michael M. T. Henderson, Pashto is descended from Avestan,1. Georg Morgenstierne says they are merely closely related. The Rabatak inscription of Emperor Kanishka written in Bactrian and Greek contains words are borrowed from Pashto language due to their proximity to the modern Pashto language. Strabo, who lived between 6. BC and 2. 4 CE, explains that the tribes inhabiting the lands west of the Indus River were part of Ariana and to their east was India. Since the 3rd century CE and onward, they are mostly referred to by the name Afghan Abgan5.